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There are no Indian Residential School denialists, so why criminalize them?

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7 minute read

From the Frontier Centre for Public Policy

By Rodney A. Clifton, professor emeritus at the University of Manitoba and a senior fellow at the Frontier Centre for Public Policy. (He was a former Senior Boysā€™ Supervisor in Stringer Hall, the Anglican residence in Inuvik.)

” both sides agree that Indian Residential Schools existed, and that some children were harmed. But they disagree on the evidence needed to prove whether children were murdered and buried unceremoniously in residential schoolyards. “

In a recent Canadian Press story, Kimberly Murray, the governmentā€™s special interlocutor on unmarked graves of missing Indigenous children from residential schools, is reported asĀ saying: ā€œWe could ā€¦ make it an offense to incite hate and promote hate against Indigenous people by ā€¦ denying that residential (schools) happened or downplaying what happened in the institutions.ā€ Not surprisingly, the Liberal government ofĀ Prime Minister Justin TrudeauĀ is sympathetic to the special interlocutorā€™s call to action.

Ms. Murray says that Indigenous leaders across the country support her call for legislation. The Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs (AMC), for example, asked the Justice Minister, Arif Virani, to amend the criminal code to criminalize denialism. AMC Grand Chief Cathy MerrickĀ saidĀ that enacting such a law would provide ā€œan opportunity for Canada to demonstrate an honest commitment to reconciliationā€¦. to deny the existence of these institutions is a form of violence.ā€

The focus on missing and murdered Indigenous children at residential schools became a national disgrace at the end of May 2021 when the Kamloops First Nation announced that stories from Knowledge Keepers and evidence from ground-penetrating radar (GPR) had ā€œdiscoveredā€ the graves of 215 children in the schoolyard of the Kamloops Indian Residential School.

Since that announcement, first nations across the country have discovered many more ā€œgraves,ā€ also relying on Knowledge Keepers stories and GPR evidence. But so far, no bodies of IRS students have been exhumed from the schoolyards, even though the Chief TRC Commissioner, Justice Murry Sinclair,Ā toldĀ CBC Radio host Matt Galloway a couple of years ago that as many as 15,000 to 25,000 Indian Residential School students are missing.

Surprisingly, these claims are not included in theĀ Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)Ā Report. In fact, only one story of a murdered child is reported in the TRC Report, and it is the unverified story told by Doris Young about seeing a childā€™s murder at the Anglican Elkhorn Indian Residential School in Manitoba. The Commission reported this alleged murder but did not investigate the claim. Indeed, the Commission spent $60 million over six years and did notĀ reportĀ any evidence, other than the Doris Youngā€™s claim, of the murder of Indigenous children at residential schools.

What does this mean for criminalizing denialism?

There are at least three problems with potential legislation to criminalize denialism. First, Canada already has legislation on hate speech, and so new legislation isĀ unnecessary.

Second, the definition of ā€œdenialism,ā€ as reported above, is so vague that it would be almost impossible to convict anyone.

Finally, and most importantly, from what can be gathered from both Ms. Murrayā€™sĀ interim reportĀ and recent news items, practically no Canadians deny that Indian Residential Schools existed or that some children were harmed at those schools.

What Canadians seem to disagree on is the evidence that is needed to prove that IRS students were murdered, and their bodies were unceremoniously buried in unmarked graves in residential schoolyards.

On Ms. Murrayā€™s side, supportersā€™ reason that ā€œhear-sayā€ evidence from Indigenous Knowledge Keepers and shadows on GPR screens are adequate to prove the claim. On the other side, the so-called ā€œdeniersā€ reason that forensic evidence from exhumed bodies is needed.

So, both sides agree that Indian Residential Schools existed, and that some children were harmed. But they disagree on the evidence needed to prove whether children were murdered and buried unceremoniously in residential schoolyards.

The Canadian law enforcement and justice system is the proper agency for an impartial investigation of this claim, and if evidence is obtained, to criminally charge those Indigenous and non-Indigenous IRS employees responsible and to report their names and crimes if they are deceased.

Surely Canadians would support such an impartial investigation leading to possible criminal charges. Till that happens, there is no reason to demonize the so-called ā€œdeniersā€ by those who disagree with the evidence they think is necessary to answer this important question. Without an independent investigation along with a public report, Canada cannot reach a fair and just reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Canadians.

Indeed, many people are wondering why such a rigorous, systematic, investigation has not yet been conducted. It is the time to settle this issue so that both sidesā€”indeed all Canadiansā€”can move on from being pitted against each other over an issue that can be easily resolved with an independent investigation by competent justice officials.

Rodney A. CliftonĀ is a is a professor emeritus at the University of Manitoba and a senior fellow at the Frontier Centre for Public Policy. He lived for four months in Old Sun, the Anglican Residential School on the Blackfoot (Siksika) First Nation, and was the Senior Boysā€™ Supervisor in Stringer Hall, the Anglican residence in Inuvik. Rodney Clifton and Mard DeWolf are the editors ofĀ From Truth Comes Reconciliation: An Assessment of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission ReportĀ (Frontier Centre for Public Policy, 2021). A second and expanded edition of this book will be published in 2024.

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Trudeau govā€™t to halt funds for ā€˜unmarked gravesā€™ search after millions spent, no bodies found

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From LifeSiteNews

By Anthony Murdoch

According to the committee tasked with searching for ‘unmarked burials’ at residential schools, the Government of Canada has denied its request for further funding.

The Canadian federal government will be halting funding to a committee tasked with searching for ā€œunmarked burialsā€ near former residential schools after zero graves were discovered and millions of taxpayer dollars spent.

In aĀ statementĀ released last week, the National Advisory Committee on Residential Schools Missing Children and Unmarked Burials said it was ā€œextremely disappointed to learn that the Government of Canada has decided to discontinue funding to support their work to help Indigenous communities in their efforts to identify, locate and commemorate missing children.ā€Ā 

NAC urged ā€œthe federal government to reconsiderā€ its funding cuts to the committee, which is co-administered by the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation and the federal Department of Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs, that was struck in 2021.Ā 

The reality of the situation is that since the NAC was struck not one body has been located on lands associated with former government-funded and mandated residential schools, many of which were run by Catholic and Anglican churches in Canada.Ā Ā 

In fact, Canadaā€™s Department of Crown-Indigenous Relations had alreadyā€Æconfirmed itā€Æspent millions searching for ā€œunmarked gravesā€ at a now-closedā€Æresidential school, but that the search has turned up no human remains.Ā 

The initial funds budgeted in 2022 to aid in ā€œlocating burial sites linked to former Residential Schoolsā€ were already set to expire in 2025, with some $216.5 million having been spent.ā€ÆĀ 

A total of $7.9 million granted for fieldwork has resulted in no human remains having been found to date.ā€ÆĀ 

In 2021 and 2022, the mainstream media ran withā€Æinflammatory and dubious claimsā€Æthat hundreds of children were buried and disregarded by Catholic priests and nuns who ran some of the schools.ā€ÆĀ 

As a result of the claims, since the spring of 2021, 112 churches, most of them Catholic, many of them on indigenous lands that serve the local population,ā€Æhave beenā€Æburnedā€Æto the ground,ā€Ævandalized,ā€Æor defiled in Canada.Ā 

The Tkā€™emlups te Secwepemc First Nation was more or less the reason there was a large international outcry in 2021 when it claimed it had found 215 ā€œunmarked gravesā€ of kids at the Kamloops Residential School. The claims of remains, however, were not backed by physical evidence but were rather disturbances in the soil picked up by ground-penetrating radar.ā€Æā€ÆĀ 

The First Nation now has changed its claim of 215 graves to 200 ā€œpotential burials.ā€ā€Æā€ÆĀ 

Asā€Æreported byā€ÆLifeSiteNews, Prime Minster Justin Trudeau as recently as June again falsely stated that ā€œunmarked gravesā€ were discovered at former residential schools.ā€ÆĀ 

Canadian indigenous residential schools, while run by both the Catholic Church and other Christian churches, were mandated and set up by the federal government andā€Æran from the late 19th century until the last school closed in 1996.ā€Æā€Æā€Æā€ÆĀ 

While there were indeed some Catholics who committed serious abuses against native children, the unproved ā€œmass gravesā€ narrative has led to widespread anti-Catholic sentiment since 2021.ā€ÆĀ 

While some children did die at the once-mandatory boarding schools, evidence hasā€Ærevealedā€Æthat many of the children tragically passed away because of unsanitary conditions due to the federal government, not the Catholic Church, failing to properly fund the system.ā€Æā€Æā€Æā€ÆĀ 

In October of 2024, retired Manitoba judge Brian Giesbrecht said Canadiansā€Æare beingā€Æā€œdeliberately deceived by their own governmentā€ after blasting the Trudeau government for ā€œactively pursuingā€ a policy that blames the Catholic Church for the unfounded ā€œdeaths and secret burialsā€ of Indigenous children.Ā 

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Business

An era of Indigenous economic leadership in Canada has begun

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Energy for a Secure Future (ESF), the Institute of Energy Economics, Japan (IEEJ), and the First Nations LNG Alliance haveĀ signedĀ a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to increase energy trade between Canada and Japan. The MOU was signed at the Canadian Embassy in Tokyo and recognizes the growing importance of Indigenous-led LNG projects in Canadaā€™s energy security, reducing global emissions, and driving economic growth for First Nations and the country as a whole.

With Canadaā€™s trade relationship with the U.S. uncertainā€”especially with U.S. President Donald Trump threatening a 25 per cent tariff on Canadian exports, including 10 per cent on energyā€”the need to diversify markets has never been more pressing. Canada ships 97 per cent of its oil and gas to the U.S., leaving the country exposed to the political whims of Washington. Expanding trade partnerships with key allies like Japan provides an opportunity to mitigate these risks and build a more resilient economy.

At the heart of Canadaā€™s modern energy industry are First Nations-led LNG projects, which are proving to be a model for economic reconciliation and environmental responsibility. The Haisla Nationā€™s Cedar LNG, the Squamish Nationā€™s involvement with Woodfibre LNG, and the Nisgaā€™a Nationā€™s Ksi Lisims LNG project exemplify Indigenous leadership in Canadaā€™s energy future. These projects bring economic prosperity to Indigenous communities and position Canada as a key player in low-emission energy for the world.

Few people embody this leadership more than Chief Crystal Smith of the Haisla Nation, whoĀ receivedĀ the 2025 Testimonial Dinner Award on February 7. Her vision and determination have brought Cedar LNGā€”the worldā€™s first Indigenous-majority-owned LNG facilityā€”to life. Under her leadership, this $4-billion project will start up in 2028 and will be one of the most sustainable LNG facilities in the world, powered entirely by BC Hydroā€™s renewable electricity. Her work is not just about resource developmentā€”it represents a country-changing shift in Indigenous economic leadership. By owning the majority of the Cedar LNG project, the Haisla Nation has set a precedent for economic self-determination, long-term job creation, revenue generation, and skills training for Indigenous youth.

She is echoed by Karen Ogen, CEO of the First Nations LNG Alliance, who has been a long-time advocate for Indigenous participation in LNG. As she says, ā€œOur involvement in LNG not only represents an opportunity for economic growth for our communities and for Canada but will help the world with energy security and emissions reduction.ā€

The MOU signed in Tokyo signals Japanā€™s growing interest in Canadian LNG as part of its energy security strategy. Japan is phasing out coal and needs reliable, low-emission energy sourcesā€”Canadian LNG is the answer. Shannon Joseph, Chair of Energy for a Secure Future, said, ā€œJapan wants diverse energy partners, and on this mission, weā€™ve heard clearly that they want Canada to be one of those partners.ā€

This partnership also highlights Canadaā€™s missed opportunities over the last decade. As industry leaders like Eric Nuttall of Ninepoint Partners have pointed out, Canada could have avoided its current dependence on U.S. markets had it built more pipelines to the east and west coasts. The cancellation of the Northern Gateway and Energy East pipelines left Canada without the infrastructure to reach Asian and European markets.

Now, with the expansion of Trans Mountain (TMX) and the rise of Indigenous-led LNG projects, Canada has a second chance to shape its energy future.

As B.C. Minister of Economic Development Diana Gibson has said, expanding trade relationships beyond the U.S. is key to Canadaā€™s future.

The First Nations-led LNG sector is demonstrating that Indigenous leadership is driving economic reconciliation and strengthening Canadaā€™s geopolitical influence in global energy markets. For too long, Indigenous communities were merely stakeholders in resource projectsā€”now they are owners and partners. First Nations are proving that responsible development and environmental stewardship can coexist.

With the MOU between Canada and Japan, the growth of LNG projects, and the recognition of Chief Crystal Smith, a new era of Indigenous economic power is emerging. These developments make one thing clear: First Nations are not just leading their communitiesā€”they are leading Canada.

In times of trade uncertainty, their vision, resilience, and business acumen are building the foundation for Canadaā€™s energy future, ensuring prosperity is shared between Indigenous peoples and all Canadians.

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