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Justin Trudeau’s legacy—record-high spending and massive debt

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From the Fraser Institute

By Jake Fuss and Grady Munro

On Monday, after weeks of turmoil and speculation, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau told Canadians he’ll resign after the Liberal Party choses a new leader. There will be much talk about Trudeau’s legacy, but the modern Trudeau era was distinguished—among other things—by unprecedented levels of government spending.

The numbers don’t lie.

For example, from 2018 to 2023 Justin Trudeau recorded the six-highest levels of spending (on a per-person basis, after adjusting for inflation) in Canadian history, even after excluding emergency spending during the pandemic. For context, that means the Trudeau government spent more per person during those six years than the federal government spent during the Great Depression, both world wars and the height of the Global Financial Crisis in 2008-09.

Unsurprisingly, the Trudeau government was unable to balance the budget during his nine years in power. After first being elected in 2015, Trudeau promised to balance the budget by 2019—then ran nine consecutive deficits including an astonishing $61.9 billion deficit for the 2023/24 fiscal year, the largest deficit of any year outside of COVID.

The result? Historically high levels of government debt compared to previous prime ministers. From 2020 to 2023, the government racked up the four highest years of total federal debt per person (inflation-adjusted) in Canadian history. Compared to 2014/15 (the last full year under Prime Minister Harper), federal debt per person had increased by $14,127 (as of 2023/24).

While a portion of this debt accumulation took place during the pandemic, a sizable chunk of federal COVID-related spending was wasteful. And federal debt increased significantly before, during and after the pandemic. In short, you can’t blame COVID for the Trudeau government’s wild spending and borrowing spree.

This fiscal record, marked by record-high levels, defines Prime Minister Trudeau’s fiscal legacy, which will burden Canadians for years to come. Spending-driven deficits and debt accumulation impose costs on Canadians—largely in the form of higher debt interest costs, which will hit $53.7 billion in 2024/25 or $1,301 per person. That’s more than all revenue collected via the federal GST.

And because government borrowing pushes the responsibility of paying for today’s spending into the future, today’s debt burden will fall disproportionately on younger generations of Canadians who will face higher taxes to finance today’s borrowing. And a growing tax burden (due to debt accumulation) can hurt future economic performance and the country’s ability to compete with other jurisdictions worldwide for business investment and high-skilled workers.

Under Trudeau, Canada has had an abysmal investment record. From 2014 to 2022 (the latest year of available data), inflation-adjusted total business investment (in plants, machinery, equipment and new technologies but excluding residential construction) in Canada declined by $34 billion. During the same period, after adjusting for inflation, business investment declined by $3,748 per worker—from $20,264 per worker in 2014 to $16,515 per worker in 2022. Due in part to Canada’s collapsing business investment, incomes and living standards have stagnated in recent years.

At the same time, Trudeau raised taxes on top-earners who help drive job-creation and prosperity across the income spectrum, and increased the tax burden on middle-class Canadians. Indeed, 86 per cent of middle-income Canadian families pay more in taxes than they did in 2015.

After approximately a decade in office, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau is stepping down. In his wake, he leaves behind a record of unprecedented spending, a mountain of debt, and higher taxes. It’s no wonder many Canadians are looking for change.

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Bank of Canada Slashes Interest Rates as Trade War Wreaks Havoc

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The Opposition with Dan Knight

With businesses cutting jobs, inflation rising, and consumer confidence collapsing, the BoC scrambles to contain the damage

The Bank of Canada just cut interest rates again, this time by 25 basis points, bringing the rate down to 2.75%. On the surface, that might sound like good news—lower rates usually mean cheaper borrowing, easier access to credit, and in theory, more money flowing into the economy. But let’s be clear about what’s actually happening here. The Canadian economy isn’t growing because of strong fundamentals or responsible fiscal policy. The Bank of Canada is slashing rates because the Trudeau—sorry, Carney—government has utterly mismanaged this country’s economic future. And now, with the U.S. slapping tariffs on Canadian goods and our government responding with knee-jerk retaliatory tariffs, the central bank is in full-blown damage control.

Governor Tiff Macklem didn’t mince words at his press conference. “The Canadian economy ended 2024 in good shape,” he insisted, before immediately admitting that “pervasive uncertainty created by continuously changing U.S. tariff threats have shaken business and consumer confidence.” In other words, the economy was doing fine—until reality set in. And that reality is simple: a trade war with our largest trading partner is economic suicide, yet the Canadian government has charged headlong into one.

Macklem tried to explain the Bank’s thinking. He pointed out that while inflation has remained close to the BoC’s 2% target, it’s expected to rise to 2.5% in March thanks to the expiry of a temporary GST holiday. That’s right—Canadians are about to get slammed with higher prices on top of already sky-high costs for groceries, gas, and basic necessities. But that’s not even the worst part. Macklem admitted that while inflation will go up, consumer spending and business investment are both set to drop as a result of this economic uncertainty. Businesses are pulling back on hiring. They’re delaying investment. They’re scared. And rightly so.

A BoC survey released alongside the rate decision shows that 40% of businesses plan to cut back on hiring, particularly in manufacturing, mining, and oil and gas—precisely the industries that were already hammered by Ottawa’s obsession with green energy and ESG policies. As Macklem put it, “Canadians are more worried about their job security and financial health as a result of trade tensions, and they intend to spend more cautiously.” In other words, this is self-inflicted. The government could have pursued a different approach. It could have worked with the U.S. to de-escalate trade tensions. Instead, Mark Carney—an unelected, Davos-approved globalist—is running the show, doubling down on tariffs that will raise prices for Canadians while doing absolutely nothing to change U.S. policy.

The worst part is that the Bank of Canada is completely cornered. It can’t provide forward guidance on future rate decisions because, as Macklem admitted, it has no idea what’s going to happen next. “We are focused on assessing the upward pressure on inflation from tariffs and a weaker dollar, and the downward pressure from weaker domestic demand,” he said. That’s central banker-speak for: We’re guessing, and we hope we don’t screw this up. And if inflation does spiral out of control, the BoC could be forced to raise rates instead of cutting them.

At the heart of this mess is a government that has spent years inflating the size of the state while crushing private sector growth. Macklem admitted that consumer and business confidence has been “sharply affected” by recent developments. That’s putting it mildly. The Canadian dollar has dropped nearly 5% since January, making everything imported from the U.S. more expensive. Meanwhile, Ottawa has responded to U.S. tariffs with a tit-for-tat strategy, placing nearly $30 billion in retaliatory tariffs on American goods. The BoC is now forced to clean up the wreckage, but it’s like trying to put out a fire with a garden hose.

And what about unemployment? Macklem dodged giving a direct forecast, but he didn’t exactly sound optimistic. “We expect the first quarter to be weaker,” he said. “If household demand, if business investment remains restrained in the second quarter, and you’ll likely see weakness in exports, you could see an even weaker second quarter.” That’s code for job losses. It’s already happening. The hiring freezes, the canceled investments—those translate into real layoffs, real pay cuts, real suffering for Canadian families.

Meanwhile, inflation expectations are rising. And once those expectations set in, they become nearly impossible to undo. Macklem was careful in his wording, but the meaning was clear: “Some prices are going to go up. We can’t change that. What we particularly don’t want to see is that first round of price increases have knock-on effects, causing other prices to go up… becoming generalized and ongoing inflation.” Translation: We know this is going to hurt Canadians, we just hope it doesn’t spiral out of control.

If this sounds familiar, that’s because it is. The same policymakers who told you that inflation was “transitory” in 2021 and then jacked up rates at record speed are now telling you that trade war-driven inflation will be “temporary.” But remember this: the BoC is only reacting to the mess created by politicians. The real blame lies with the people in charge. And now, that’s Mark Carney.

Macklem refused to comment on Carney’s role as prime minister, insisting that the BoC remains “independent” from politics. That’s cute. But the damage is already done. Ottawa picked a fight with the U.S. and now the BoC is left trying to prevent a full-scale economic downturn. The problem is, monetary policy can’t fix bad leadership. Canadians are the ones who will pay the price.

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USAID reportedly burning, shredding classified documents

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From The Center Square

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The U.S. Agency for International Development is facing criticism after news broke that federal employees were reportedly told to burn or shred classified documents.

USAID has been the center of controversy since President Donald Trump took office, and billionaire Elon Musk directed the Department of Government Efficiency to expose a slew of spending items widely mocked and criticized, from transgender operas to propaganda overseas and more.

A senior USAID official reportedly sent a memo to employees directing them to destroy the documents, raising questions about legality and transparency at the embattled agency.

“Shred as many documents first, and reserve the burn bags for when the shredder becomes unavailable or needs a break,” reads the email obtained by Politico.

Hans von Spakovsky, a legal expert at the conservative Heritage Foundation, wrote on X that “these employees are committing felonies under 18 USC 1519 in destroying Gov documents,” arguing that they “should all be criminally prosecuted especially acting director of USAID.”

Secretary of State Marco Rubio announced last week that 83% of of USAID contracts were terminated, though a federal judge has limited the federal government’s ability to stop paying out at least some contracts. Where this lands legally remains unclear as it works its way through the courts.

“In consultation with Congress, we intend for the remaining 18% of programs we are keeping (approximately 1000) to now be administered more effectively under the State Department,” Rubio said.

D.C. Bureau Reporter

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