Prostate cancer is one of the most widespread malignant tumors in men. The pathology is successfully
treated in the first three stages, when the tumor can be removed or destroyed by radiation, but the disease at the metastatic stage becomes incurable. Surgery is usually not performed in such patients, and the main methods of treatment are hormonal and chemotherapy.

At a certain point this treatment stops working. 177Lu-PSMA-617 – Lutetium radiotargeted therapy,
becomes the next stage of treatment. A less common method of radiotargeted therapy is the treatment of prostate cancer with Actinium-225. It allows for a good outcome even in patients who have not responded to Lutetium therapy. In addition, the possibility of combined use of Actinium and Lutetium as part of tandem therapy is being investigated.

Principle of the method

Prostate cancer cells express a protein called prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), which is not found in other tissues. PSMA is a target for the radiopharmaceutical. Once injected into the body, the drug accumulates only in tissues with high levels of PSMA because it binds to this protein. This results in a selective effect on the tumor and its metastases with minimal side effects.

Various radionuclides can be attached to ligands that target PSMA. The first such radionuclide was
Lutetium-177, which was synthesized in Germany in 2010, and its efficacy was first confirmed in trials in 2015. The good results were subsequently confirmed in a large study involving 13 university hospitals in Germany.

In recent years, Actinium-225 has been used instead of Lutetium. It destroys cancer cells with alpha
radiation.

Advantages and disadvantages of Actinium-225

Lutetium-177 is still considered the mainstay of radiotargeted therapy for castration-resistant prostate
cancer. However, Actinium is also used in certain situations, usually in patients with advanced cancer who have not responded to Lutetium treatment or when the efficacy of 177Lu-PSMA-617 has decreased after several courses (cancer progression has resumed).

Advantages of Actinium-225 over Lutetium-177:

● More pronounced effect due to alpha radiation causing double-strand breaks in DNA strands
● Less toxic effect on bone marrow and hematopoietic function due to shorter recovery time
● Works even in cases where the cancer is progressing against the background of Lutetium therapy

However, it is worth considering the disadvantages of this method:

● Limited evidence base compared to Lutetium
● Higher incidence of side effects, especially dry mouth

Who is a candidate for Actinium therapy

Radiotargeted therapy with Actinium is considered a novel treatment. The technique is indicated for
patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (MCRPC) who:

● Have received Lutetium radiotargeted therapy but have not responded to it
● Have responded to Lutetium radiotargeted therapy, but have stopped responding after several
courses of treatment
● As part of tandem therapy: when Actinium and Lutetium are used in reduced doses

In summary, Actinium therapy is one of the last treatment options. It is used when chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiotargeted therapy with Lutetium, and possibly targeted therapy (in the case of BRCA mutations, which occur in 28% of patients with metastatic prostate cancer) have already been tried. In addition, the choice of treatment tactics takes into account the location of the metastases. In the presence of predominantly bone metastases and pain syndrome, radionuclide therapy with Radium-223 is preferred, and in the presence of predominantly organ metastases, radiotargeted therapy with Lutetium or Actinium is performed.

If you want to undergo innovative treatment in Germany, visit Booking Health website. Our team will find a clinic for you and organize your trip.

Betting on the NFL and CFL can add an extra layer of excitement to the games, enhancing the
experience for many fans. However, successful sports betting requires discipline and strategy rather than just a passionate love for the game. Emotions, whether high or low, can cloud judgment and lead to impulsive, often regrettable decisions. This guide highlights why detaching from emotions when betting on football is crucial, offering practical strategies to keep your bets rational and strategic.

The Dangers of Emotional Betting

Betting with emotions, or betting impulsively based on personal bias or loyalty, can create a skewed perception of the game. It’s common for fans to overestimate their favorite team’s performance or assume a player’s history will guarantee a particular outcome. These assumptions lead to what’s known as “confirmation bias”, where fans see only the information that supports their beliefs and ignore contradictory data. This can cause bettors to overlook crucial insights, like injury reports or statistics, leading to inaccurate wagers.

Emotional betting also fuels what’s called “chasing losses”. This occurs when bettors, frustrated by previous losses, place increasingly risky football bets in an attempt to win back money. This approach is rarely successful and can quickly turn manageable losses into significant setbacks. By staying rational and informed, you can avoid these pitfalls and make more calculated, objective bets.

Strategies to Minimize Emotional Influence

One of the best ways to avoid emotional betting is to establish clear betting strategies based on data and analysis. Here are a few tactics to keep in mind:

1. Analyze Data, Not Personal Feelings: Before placing a bet, review all available data, including team statistics, recent performance trends, and injury reports. A data-driven approach helps eliminate bias, allowing you to focus on concrete factors that influence game outcomes rather than relying on loyalty or gut feelings.

2. Limit Bets on Favorite Teams or Players: It’s easy to let personal favorites dictate betting choices, but this often leads to poorly reasoned bets. Try to limit the amount of money you wager on teams or players you’re emotionally attached to. Alternatively, look for opportunities to bet on neutral games where personal feelings won’t interfere.

3. Track and Review Betting Patterns: Keep a record of your bets, including the reasoning behind each one and the outcome. Over time, you may notice patterns, such as betting more on favorite teams or overinvesting after a loss. Recognizing these tendencies can help you adjust future strategies to stay more objective.

4. Take Breaks When Needed: If you find yourself betting impulsively or “chasing” after a loss, it might be wise to take a break. Giving yourself time away from betting can clear your mind, allowing you to return with a fresh, objective perspective.

Understanding the Value of Objective Analysis

In sports betting, value is found in assessing odds and comparing them to actual probabilities. Odds reflect a combination of factors, from team performance to public perception, and even individual player stats. For instance, player-specific metrics like Aaron Rodgers player odds may offer valuable insights, especially when factoring in performance trends, injuries, or recent games. Analyzing these detailed odds alongside overall game stats helps bettors avoid the common pitfall of placing hopeful, emotional bets that may lack real value.

When emotion enters the equation, it’s easy to overlook true value, focusing on high-stakes or biased bets instead. By paying attention to player odds and using objective analysis, you’ll be better positioned to spot value where odds align with the likelihood of outcomes, improving returns and reducing the risks tied to emotional decision-making.

The Long-Term Benefits of Rational Betting

Sticking to rational, well-reasoned betting strategies not only improves your chances of success but also makes betting a more enjoyable and sustainable activity. Betting without emotional influence helps you stay in control, reducing stress and frustration associated with losses. Furthermore, disciplined betting habits help build a foundation for long-term profitability, transforming betting from an emotional rollercoaster into a calculated, engaging pursuit.

In conclusion, betting on the NFL or CFL can be thrilling, but it requires an approach grounded in data, strategy, and self-control. By setting aside emotions, analyzing information, and adopting a disciplined mindset, you’ll be better equipped to make informed choices and avoid the pitfalls of impulsive betting.