Addictions
New documentary exposes safer supply as gateway to teen drug use
By: Alexandra Keeler
In a new documentary, Port Coquitlam teens describe how safer supply drugs are diverted to the streets, contributing to youth drug use
Madison was just 15 when she first encountered “dillies” — hydromorphone pills meant for safer supply, but readily available on the streets.
“Multiple people walking up the street, down the street, saying ‘dillies, dillies,’ and that’s how you get them,” Madison said, referring to dealers in Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside.
Madison says she could get pills for $1.25 each, when purchased directly from someone receiving the drugs through safer supply — a provincial program that provides drug users with prescribed opioids. Madison would typically buy a whole bottle to last a week.
But as her tolerance grew, so did her addiction, leading her to try fentanyl.
“The dillies weren’t hitting me anymore … I tried [fentanyl] and instantly I just melted,” she said.
Kamilah Sword, Madison’s best friend, was just 14 when she died of an overdose on Aug. 20, 2022 after taking a hydromorphone pill dispensed through safer supply.
Madison, along with Kamilah’s father, Gregory Sword, are among the Port Coquitlam, B.C., residents featured in a documentary by journalist Adam Zivo. The film uncovers how safer supply drugs — intended as a harm reduction measure — contribute to harm among youth by being highly accessible, addictive and dangerous.
Through emotional interviews with teens and their families, the film links these drugs to overdose deaths and explores how they can act as a gateway to stronger substances like fentanyl.
Some last names are omitted to respect the victims’ desire for privacy.
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‘Not a myth’
Safer supply aims to reduce overdose deaths by providing individuals with substance use disorders access to pharmaceutical-grade alternatives, such as hydromorphone.
But some policy experts, health officials and journalists are concerned these drugs are being diverted onto the streets — particularly hydromorphone, which is often sold under the brand name Dilaudid and nicknamed “dillies.”
Zivo, the film’s director, points out the disinformation surrounding safer supply diversion, highlighting that some drug legalization activists downplay the issue of diversion.
In 2023, B.C.’s then-chief coroner Lisa Lapointe dismissed claims that individuals were collecting their safer supply medications and selling them to youth, thereby creating new opioid dependencies and contributing to overdose deaths. She labeled such claims an “urban myth.”
In the film, Madison describes how teen substance users would occasionally accompany people enrolled in the safer supply program to the pharmacy, where they would fill their prescriptions and then sell the drugs to the teens.
“It’s not a myth, because my best friend died from it,” she says in the film.
Fiona Wilson, deputy chief of the Vancouver Police Department, testified on April 15 to the House of Commons health committee studying Canada’s opioid crisis that about 50 per cent of hydromorphone seizures by police are linked to safer supply.
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Deputy Chief of the Vancouver Police Department, Fiona Wilson, testified on April 15 during the House of Commons ‘Opioid Epidemic and Toxic Drug Crisis in Canada’ health committee meeting.
Additionally, Ottawa Police Sergeant Paul Stam previously confirmed to Canadian Affairs that similar reports of diverted safer supply drugs have been observed in Ottawa.
“Hopefully, by giving these victims a platform and bringing their stories to life, the film can impress upon Canadians the urgent need for reform,” Zivo told Canadian Affairs.
‘Creating addicts’
The teens featured in the film share their experiences with the addictive nature of dillies.
“After doing them for like a month, it felt like I needed them everyday,” says Amelie North, one teen featured in the documentary. “I felt like I couldn’t stand being alive without being on dillies.”
Madison explains how tolerance builds quickly. “You just keep doing them until it’s not enough at all.”
Madison started using fentanyl at the age of 12, leading to a near-fatal overdose after just one hit at a SkyTrain station. “It took five Narcan kits to save my life,” she says in the film.
Many of her friends use dillies or have tried fentanyl, she says. She estimates half the students at her school do.
“Government-supplied hydromorphone is a dangerous domino in the cascade of an addict’s downward spiral to ever more risky behaviour,” said Madison’s mother, Beth, to Canadian Affairs.
“The safe drug supply is creating addicts, not helping addicts,” Denise Fenske, North’s mother, told Canadian Affairs.
“I’m not sure when politicians talk about all the beds they have opened up for youth with drug or alcohol problems, where they actually are and how do we access them?”
Sword, Kamilah’s father, expressed his concern in an email to Canadian Affairs. “I want the people [watching the film] to understand how easy this drug is to get for the kids and how many kids it is affecting, the pain it causes the loved ones, [with] no answers or help for them.”
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Screenshot: Dr. Matthew Orde reviewing Kamilah Sword’s toxicology report during his interview for the filming of ‘Government Heroin 2: The Invisible Girls’ in March 2024.
Autopsy
Kamilah’s death raises further concerns.
According to Dr. Matthew Orde, a forensic pathologist featured in the film, Kamilah’s toxicology report revealed a mix of depressants and stimulants, including flualprazolam (a benzo), benzoylecgonine (a cocaine byproduct), MDMA and hydromorphone.
Orde criticizes the BC Coroners Service for not following best practices by focusing solely on cardiac arrhythmia caused by cocaine and MDMA, while overlooking the potential role of benzos and hydromorphone.
Orde notes that in complex poly-drug deaths, an autopsy is typically performed to determine the cause more accurately. He says he was shocked that Kamilah’s case did not receive this level of investigation.
B.C. has one of the lowest autopsy rates in Canada.
Zivo told Canadian Affairs he thinks a public inquiry into Kamilah’s case and other youth deaths involving hydromorphone since 2020 is needed to assess if the province is accurately reporting the harms of safer supply.
“That just angers me that our coroners did not do what most of Canada would have done,” Sword told Canadian Affairs.
“It also makes me question why they didn’t do an autopsy, what is our so-called government hiding?”
Government Heroin 2: The Invisible Girls is available for free on YouTube.
This article was produced through the Breaking Needles Fellowship Program, which provided a grant to Canadian Affairs, a digital media outlet, to fund journalism exploring addiction and crime in Canada. Articles produced through the Fellowship are co-published by Break The Needle and Canadian Affairs.
Subscribe to Break The Needle. Our content is always free – but if you want to help us commission more high-quality journalism, consider getting a voluntary paid subscription.
Addictions
A conversation with Premier Smith’s outgoing chief of staff, architect of Alberta’s recovery-focused drug policies
Marshall Smith, Alberta’s Chief of Staff, sits in his office at the Alberta Legislature in Edmonton
Marshall Smith, on what he has learned as an addict and policy leader and what’s next for him
Alberta Premier Danielle Smith’s chief of staff, Marshall Smith, is leaving his post at the end of October.
Since taking office in 2022, he has been instrumental in shaping Alberta’s drug policies and developing the Alberta Model — a recovery-focused addiction treatment policy that has gained international recognition for enhancing access to mental health and addiction services.
Under his guidance, Alberta has prioritized building recovery communities over harm-reduction programs. Government data show a 53 per cent decrease in opioid-related overdose deaths in June 2024 from the prior year, which may suggest Smith’s initiatives are having an impact.
In a statement on social media, the Premier shared that Smith informed her of his decision to retire earlier this year, after dedicating 32 years to public service. His departure comes just ahead of the United Conservative Party’s leadership review on Nov. 2.
Smith met with reporter Alexandra Keeler on Sept. 10 to discuss his personal journey from addiction to recovery and how it has shaped Alberta’s drug policies. On Oct. 10, they spoke by phone to discuss his recent decision to step down and what lies ahead for him.
AK: What emotional and psychological impact did your addiction have on your sense of self?
MS: It makes you feel powerless. Addiction is an illness of isolation, despair, loneliness and powerlessness. One of the hallmarks of addiction is continuing to use a substance despite a complete lack of control over your using, and over the circumstances that you’re in.
AK: Do you think that sense of powerlessness impacts an individual’s ability to provide informed consent for involuntary treatment?
MS: I think that, over time, if addiction is left unchecked or untreated, or is allowed to progress to its very latter stages, you absolutely lose agency over your ability to make decisions.
I used to get the question a lot: ‘Is it a disease? Is it a choice?’ And I say it’s both. It’s actually a disease of choices, which is to say that it’s a disease or an illness that affects my brain’s ability to make good choices.
AK: Were you the driving force behind Alberta’s shift away from harm reduction towards a recovery-focused approach, or was there a broader change in attitudes within the community?
MS: Certainly I’m not solely responsible. I’m a member of a broad community of people in recovery who have been advocating for these policies for two decades. I think that I have a background [and] certain skills that have found me in positions like this, where I can be most effective helping my community advance these ideas and concepts and actually get them implemented into policy and action.
AK: Obviously your lived experience with addiction brings a valuable perspective to the table. But what data sources are the province using to inform its addiction and recovery policies?
MS: We have a very broad literature base that we use to inform a lot of our policy decisions … Alberta [also] has the most comprehensive data collection and data analytics system in North America, bar none.
A practical example of how that’s useful is … [if] the data shows us that a very high number of people who were in custody — whether that’s corrections or police custody — went on to fatally overdose in a period after their release, that tells us that we need to focus on correctional programs, and we need to focus on policing programs.
And we’ve done that. We have amazing new correctional treatment programs that are second to none. I don’t know of anybody in Canada that’s doing this — we’ve taken [jail units where inmates sleep and live] and turned them into treatment centres, and connected them with our new treatment centres outside of jails. We partnered with police, because police have probably the most amount of contact with people who are using substances, and we gave them the ability to help people get on to opioid-substitution medications.
We’re going to go even further. Minister [of Mental Health and Addiction Dan] Williams has just announced the creation of the Centre of Recovery Excellence (CoRE), which is a first of its kind in Canada. It’s a Crown corporation not beholden to pharmaceutical money, which is a big change for us, and we were very deliberate about that.
[CoRE] will give us the ability to pull in data from across systems in government and have that data analyzed … So we’re entering into a very exciting time in terms of data and analytics around this issue.
AK: Without CoRE fully operational yet, what made you confident the recovery-focused approach would succeed?
MS: I see hundreds of thousands of Canadians every day entering recovery and maintaining their recovery … What I see in the alternative is a lot of drug use, homelessness, despair, disease [and] crime.
We spend a lot of time talking about data and evidence and science, and all of those things are good and necessary … but it’s not the only component of the decision-making process. … The policies that we’re making and the pathways that we take also have to be informed by the values of the community that we serve. … For far too long in Canada, that hasn’t been a consideration.
I think that we are at a place in Canada where the country is saying to us it’s time to revisit the direction that we’ve been going. I think that they’re saying to us, as policymakers, that we gave this a chance. We had become convinced by experts and the media … to give [pro-drug, harm-reduction policies like safer supply] a try …
[A]fter 20 years of that, I think that Canadians are ready to throw in the towel and to say, ‘We’re done with this. We’ve given you enough time to prove out your thesis. It’s not worked, and now we’re looking for fresh ideas.’
So Alberta is here leading that conversation of fresh and different ideas, and we’re happy to have that role.
The remainder of this interview took place on Oct. 10.
AK: Premier Smith announced your retirement at the end of October. What prompted your decision to step down?
MS: My time in Alberta has been a lengthy and intense role of system transformation over two premiers and standing up government twice.
While there’s still a lot of work to be done here, we have a tremendous team in Alberta that is leading that work under Minister Williams. I just felt that it’s time for me to step out of the role and continue to serve in other capacities.
AK: Looking ahead, what aspects of the Alberta Model will you carry with you into your future endeavours?
MS: I would say all aspects of the model need to be expanded across Canada, for jurisdictions that are interested.
Where I can be of the most assistance to other governments is talking to them about how to effectively organize themselves to be successful in this area. I think that governments across the country are struggling to figure out how to do that.
AK: What new opportunities do you hope to pursue that you haven’t been able to explore during your time in this role? Will your focus continue to be in addiction and drug policy?
MS: The majority of my focus will be on addiction and drug policy, but I have other areas of interest.
I’m passionate about the work that we’re doing with Indigenous people … I’m also very passionate about emerging technology and how we’re going to use that to uncover some of the answers that we’re looking for on these models.
I’m looking forward to having a little bit more freedom and focus.
This interview has been edited and condensed for clarity.
This article was produced through the Breaking Needles Fellowship Program, which provided a grant to Canadian Affairs, a digital media outlet, to fund journalism exploring addiction and crime in Canada. Articles produced through the Fellowship are co-published by Break The Needle and Canadian Affairs.
Subscribe to Break The Needle. Our content is always free – but if you want to help us commission more high-quality journalism, consider getting a voluntary paid subscription.
From LifeSiteNews
As Canada expands its euthanasia regime, vulnerable individuals like the homeless, obese, and grieving are increasingly offered assisted suicide, countering claims that ‘safeguards’ ensure the protocol remains limited in its scope.
Canada’s suicide activists and euthanasia advocates promised the public that the path to “medical aid in dying” would be a narrow path with high guardrails. They were lying. It is a four-lane highway, and there’s nobody patrolling it.
Not a week goes by without some grim new development, and our government refuses to listen to those hoarsely sounding the alarm.
On October 16, the Associated Press covered the questions euthanasia providers are discussing on their private forums. One story featured a homeless man being killed by lethal injection:
One doctor wrote that although his patient had a serious lung disease, his suffering was “mostly because he is homeless, in debt and cannot tolerate the idea of (long-term care) of any kind.” A respondent questioned whether the fear of living in the nursing home was truly intolerable. Another said the prospect of “looking at the wall or ceiling waiting to be fed … to have diapers changed” was sufficiently painful. The man was eventually euthanized. One provider said any suggestion they should provide patients with better housing options before offering euthanasia “seems simply unrealistic and hence, cruel,” amid a national housing crisis.
Another featured a doctor debating whether obesity made someone eligible for assisted suicide:
One woman with severe obesity described herself as a “useless body taking up space” – she’d lost interest in activities, became socially withdrawn and said she had “no purpose,” according to the doctor who reviewed her case. Another physician reasoned that euthanasia was warranted because obesity is “a medical condition which is indeed grievous and irremediable.”
And perhaps the most chilling story of all is the case of a woman who was consistently pushed into accepting death:
When a health worker inquired whether anyone had euthanized patients for blindness, one provider reported four such cases. In one, they said, an elderly man who saw “only shadows” was his wife’s caregiver when he requested euthanasia; he wanted her to die with him. The couple had several appointments with an assessor before the wife “finally agreed” to be killed, the provider said. She died unexpectedly just days before the scheduled euthanasia.
Read that carefully: the couple had several appointments with the person assessing their eligibility for euthanasia before the wife “finally agreed” – that is, broke down and assented – to be euthanized. Other providers cited examples of people being euthanized for grief. It should be obvious to anyone looking at what is happening in Canada: there are no brakes on this train.
It just keeps getting worse. Linda Maddaford, the newly elected president of the Regina Catholic Women’s League, is sharing her family’s experience this month at the Catholic Health Association of Saskatchewan convention.
After her mother passed away, Maddaford’s family moved their father to a care facility in Saskatoon. “The very day after, we got a blanket email inviting us to come to a presentation in the dining room,” she said. The topic? Accessing euthanasia. Maddaford added that there is a “push from the top-down. That if you don’t – if you aren’t open to the idea; you should be. I worry for the people who feel the pressure of: ‘Well my doctor advised it.’ Or ‘someone with a clipboard came around and kept asking.’”
Another story, covered this month by the Telegraph, relayed the experience of a Canadian woman undergoing life-saving cancer surgery… who was offered assisted suicide by doctors as she was about to enter the operating room for her mastectomy.
None of these stories appear to give euthanasia activists pause. Instead, they are constantly pushing for more.
On October 16, the Financial Post published an editorial by Andrew Roman titled, “You should be able to reserve MAID service: Quebec is going to let people pre-order medical assistance in dying. Ottawa shouldn’t try to stop it. People should have that right.” Anyone still arguing about “rights” as Canadian physicians euthanize patients for grief, obesity, homelessness, disability, and a plethora of other conditions should not be taken seriously. But here’s Roman, arguing that if we don’t permit this, all kinds of elderly people with dementia will not be killed:
As Canada’s population continues to age, demand for MAiD – medical assistance in dying – will only increase. But, with rates of dementia also increasing, the cognitive ability of patients to consent becomes a barrier. The prevalence of dementia more than doubles every five years among seniors, rising from less than one per cent in those aged 65-69 to about 25 per cent among people 85 and older.
Then, revealing a breathtaking ignorance of how Canada’s euthanasia regime has unfolded, Roman writes this:
There is no good reason why, with the numerous safeguards in Ottawa’s and Quebec’s laws, patients should be precluded from making advance requests before their condition renders them incapable of giving consent; and no good reason why their physicians should become criminals for honouring their patients’ duly stipulated advance requests.
No good reason why? Safeguards? What a joke. He concludes:
MAiD is also regulated under provincial law and by the same medical colleges that regulate abortion. Ottawa should amend the Criminal Code to exempt MAiD altogether and, as is the case with abortion, let the medical profession do its work in accordance with provincial regulation and patients’ wishes.
And there you have it: the final goal of the euthanasia activists. Euthanasia on demand; doctors licensed to kill. We don’t have to ask ourselves what will happen if people like Roman get their way. It’s happening already.
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