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CANADA – U.S TRADE – A Deeper Dive on the Tos and Fros

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7 minute read

From EnergyNow.ca

By William Lacey

The biggest lesson from all this is that Canada must find a way to diversify its trade, especially when it comes to energy. We need to build more pipelines, we need to diversify our customer base

I cannot help myself. At my heart, I am a self professed nerd when it comes to data. With all of the headlines in Canada regarding the potential of 25% tariffs being levied on Canadian exports starting on February 1st, I wanted to understand for myself what the data actually looks like. Note that I only looked at 2023 as the information was readily available, it is reasonably clean (i.e. no significant COVID hangover) and the 2024 data won’t likely be available for a while.

Canada and the United States are significant trade partners. In 2023 Canada exported US$438 billion to the United States while the United States exported US$353 billion to Canada, resulting in Canada having a trade surplus with the United States of US$85 Billion and thus the (uninformed) consternation when it comes to current talk south of the border.

United Nations COMTRADE database

Looking at the top exports from Canada, I drew an arbitrary line at the top 20 exports. This was not to say that businesses that do less than this are any less important, rather I just wanted to make a chart that was actually readable. As one would expect, energy and auto lead the way, accounting for 43% of all of our exports to the United States in 2023.

 

United Nations COMTRADE database

However, as with all countries, we also import a tremendous amount as well. Why? Because in simplified terms it is good to focus on that which you do best, and have in abundance, and leave other aspects to other countries that are good at other things. As such, automotive as well as machinery, nuclear reactors and boilers account for 31% of the trade flow going north into Canada in 2023.

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United Nations COMTRADE database

When dealing with the border, it is important to remember that goods flow both ways, and the curious part as it pertains to oil is that despite Canada being awash in black gold, eastern Canadian refineries cannot access crude from the west, so Canada needs to export it to the US and re-import it to Canada. Weird. If only we had a pipeline that could do this…

I think it is also useful to look at the net balances, by category, to better understand the tos and fros of trade. Similar to previous charts, I made an arbitrary cut off line, this time at net exports exceeding US$1 billion in 2023. No real surprises here as energy dominates the landscape as Canada is a significant producer of oil and gas, and produces far more than it can consume internally and accounts for 76% of Canadian net exports to the United States.

United Nations COMTRADE database

In terms of net imports, the picture is more balanced, with the top two categories being machinery, nuclear, boilers and electrical, electronic equipment accounting for a significant portion of Canadian net imports (37%) from the United States.

United Nations COMTRADE database

Moreover, if you look at the breakdown of many of the components, and yes I am generalizing a bit, you will see that a lot of what we export are raw materials / base inputs, while what we import are value added finished products. As I have said many times, Canada is the proverbial resource bread basket that the rest of the world would crave to call its own.

If you exclude energy (mineral fuels, oils, distillation products) from the above analysis, you actually return to a more balanced trade picture between the two countries, and Canada actually is a small ($15 billion) net importer from the United States. Why do I think that is a fair way to look at things? The United States is a significant consumer of Canadian energy, and heavy oil in particular is something that Canada produces a lot of and is consumed by the complex refineries located in Minnesota, Indiana and in the U.S. Gulf Coast. If you want to learn more about this, I strongly encourage you to follow Rory Johnston as he does some brilliant deep dive analysis on this sort of topic and others.

At the end of the day, if the Trump administration really is about “fairness” in trade, we need calmer minds to prevail on this topic, as the data shows that the trade relationship is fair, and Canada is a valued (and economical) trade partner. I have my own suspicions that this issue extends beyond trade deficits and even beyond the issues he has also cited of illegal immigration and flows of fentanyl, and could even be as simple as “I am doing this, because I can, and I will do whatever I can to benefit my country.” Is this rational and fair? No.

The biggest lesson from all this is that Canada must find a way to diversify its trade, especially when it comes to energy. Canada’s need to build more pipelines, needs to diversify it’s customer base, and needs to start acting like a country that is looking out everyone, not just it’s own self interest.

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2025 Federal Election

Poilievre To Create ‘Canada First’ National Energy Corridor

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From Conservative Party Communications

Poilievre will create the ‘Canada First’ National Energy Corridor to rapidly approve & build the infrastructure we need to end our energy dependence on America so we can stand up to Trump from a position of strength.

Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre announced today he will create a ‘Canada First’ National Energy Corridor to fast-track approvals for transmission lines, railways, pipelines, and other critical infrastructure across Canada in a pre-approved transport corridor entirely within Canada, transporting our resources within Canada and to the world while bypassing the United States. It will bring billions of dollars of new investment into Canada’s economy, create powerful paycheques for Canadian workers, and restore our economic independence.

“After the Lost Liberal decade, Canada is poorer, weaker, and more dependent on the United States than ever before,” said Poilievre. “My ‘Canada First National Energy Corridor’ will enable us to quickly build the infrastructure we need to strengthen our country so we can stand on our own two feet and stand up to the Americans.”

In the corridor, all levels of government will provide legally binding commitments to approve projects. This means investors will no longer face the endless regulatory limbo that has made Canadians poorer.  First Nations will be involved from the outset, ensuring that economic benefits flow directly to them and that their approval is secured before any money is spent.

Between 2015 and 2020, Canada cancelled 16 major energy projects, resulting in a $176 billion hit to our economy. The Liberals killed the Energy East pipeline and passed Bill C-69, the “No-New-Pipelines” law, which makes it all but impossible to build the pipelines and energy infrastructure we need to strengthen the Canadian economy. And now, the PBO projects that the ‘Carney cap’ on Canadian energy will reduce oil and gas production by nearly 5%, slash GDP by $20.5 billion annually, and eliminate 54,400 full-time jobs by 2032. An average mine opening lead time is now nearly 18 years—23% longer than Australia and 38% longer than the US. As a result of the Lost Liberal Decade, Canada now ranks 23rd in the World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business Index for 2024, a seven-place drop since 2015.

“In 2024, Canada exported 98% of its crude oil to the United States. This leaves us too dependent on the Americans,” said Poilievre. “Our Canada First National Energy Corridor will get us out from under America’s thumb and enable us to build the infrastructure we need to sell our natural resources to new markets, bring home jobs and dollars, and make us sovereign and self-reliant to stand up to Trump from a position of strength.”

Mark Carney’s economic advice to Justin Trudeau made Canada weaker while he and his rich friends made out like bandits. While he advised Trudeau to cancel Canadian energy projects, his own company spent billions on pipelines in South America and the Middle East. And unlike our competitors Australia and America, which work with builders to get projects approved, Mark Carney and Steven Guilbeault’s radical “keep-it-in-the-ground” ideology has blocked development, killed jobs, and left Canada dependent on foreign imports.

“The choice is clear: a fourth Liberal term that will keep our resources in the ground and keep us weak and vulnerable to Trump’s threats, or a strong new Conservative government that will approve projects, build an economic fortress, bring jobs and dollars home, and put Canada First—For a Change.”

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Daily Caller

Cover up of a Department of Energy Study Might Be The Biggest Stain On Biden Admin’s Legacy

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From the Daily Caller News Foundation

By David Blackmon

News broke last week that the Biden Department of Energy (DOE), led by former Secretary Jennifer Granholm, was so dedicated to the Biden White House’s efforts to damage the dynamic U.S. LNG export industry that it resorted to covering up a 2023 DOE study which found that growth in exports provide net benefits to the environment and economy.

“The Energy Department has learned that former Secretary Granholm and the Biden White House intentionally buried a lot of data and released a skewed study to discredit the benefits of American LNG,” one DOE source told Nick Pope of the Daily Caller News Foundation.. “[T]he administration intentionally deceived the American public to advance an agenda that harmed American energy security, the environment and American lives.”

And “deceived” is the best word to describe what happened here. When the White House issued an order signed by the administration’s very busy autopen to invoke what was supposed to be a temporary “pause” in permitting of LNG infrastructure, it was done at the behest of far-left climate czar John Podesta, with Granholm’s full buy-in. As I’ve cataloged here in past stories, this cynical “pause” was based on the flimsiest possible rationale, and the “science” supposedly underlying it was easily debunked and fell completely apart over time.

But the ploy moved ahead anyway, with Granholm and her DOE staff ordered to conduct their own study related to the advisability of allowing further growth of the domestic LNG industry. We know now that study already existed but hadn’t reached the hoped-for conclusions.

The two unfounded fears at hand were concerns that rising exports of U.S. LNG would a) cause domestic prices to rise for consumers, and b) would result in higher emissions than alternative energy sources. As the Wall Street Journal notes, a draft of that 2023 study “shows that increased U.S. LNG exports would have negligible effects on domestic prices while modestly reducing global greenhouse gas emissions. The latter is largely because U.S. LNG exports would displace coal in power production and gas exports from other countries such as Russia.”

An energy secretary and climate advisor interested in seeking truth based on science would have made that 2023 study public, and the “pause” would have been a short-lived, temporary thing. Instead, the Biden officials decided to try to bury this inconvenient truth, causing the “pause” to endure right through the final day of the Biden regime with a clear intention of turning it into permanent policy had Kamala Harris and her “summer of joy” campaign managed to prevail on Nov. 5.

Fortunately for the country, voters chose more wisely, and President Trump included ending this deceitful “pause” exercise as part of his Day One agenda. No autopen was involved.

So, the thing is resolved in favor of truth and common sense now, but it is important to understand exactly what was at stake here, exactly how important an industry these Biden officials were trying to freeze in place.

In an interview on Fox News Monday, current Energy Secretary Chris Wright did just that, pointing out that, fifteen years ago, America was “the largest importer of natural gas in the world. Today, we’re the largest exporter.”

He went onto add that, “the Biden administration put a pause on LNG exports 14 months ago, January of 2024, sending a message to the world that maybe the US isn’t going to continue to grow our exports. Think of the extra leverage that gives Russia, the extra fear that gives the Europeans or the Asians that are dying for more American energy.”

Then, Wright supplied the kicker: “They did this in spite of their own study that showed increasing LNG exports would reduce greenhouse gas emissions and have a negligible impact on price.” It was an effort, Wright concludes, to kill what he says is “America’s greatest energy advantage.”

This incident is a stain on the Biden administration and its senior leaders. The stain becomes more indelible when we remember that, when asked by Speaker Mike Johnson why he had signed that order, Joe Biden himself had no memory of doing so, telling Johnson, “I didn’t do that.”

Sadly, we know now there’s a good chance Mr. Biden was telling the speaker the truth. But someone did it, and it’s a travesty.

David Blackmon is an energy writer and consultant based in Texas. He spent 40 years in the oil and gas business, where he specialized in public policy and communications.

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